5 ms·

Average IQ in Europe by country (map)

30 points by givan 12y ago

chriscool 12y ago
I wonder why people focus so much on IQ instead of better metrics. In this article, "The play deficit": http://aeon.co/magazine/being-human/children-today-are-suffering-a-severe-deficit-of-play/ http://aeon.co/magazine/being-human/children-today-are-suffe... there are these very interesting sentences: "Other research, by the psychologist Mark Runco and colleagues at the Torrance Creativity Center at the University of Georgia, shows that scores on the TTCT are the best childhood predictors we have of future real-world achievements. They are better predictors than IQ, high-school grades, or peer judgments of who will achieve the most." TTCT is "Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking". People should really be much more interested in metrics like TTCT, rather than IQ tests, SAT tests or other not very relevant metrics.
- programmernews 12y ago
  Probably because general intelligence is "the best-established, most predictive, most heritable mental trait ever discovered in psychology." (Geoffrey Miller, Spent)
  - chriscool 12y ago
    I googled it and found the following: http://www.barrelstrength.com/2013/12/31/ramachandran-iq/ http://www.barrelstrength.com/2013/12/31/ramachandran-iq/ where there is: "Intelligence (says Prof. Miller at page 189 of Spent) is positively correlated to: brain size speed of performing basic sensory motor tasks (“reaction time is a factor”, as the cop said in Blade Runner) height symmetry of face and body semen quality (!) health, physical and mental longevity sexual attractiveness for long term relationships" So it is most predictive of many things, but maybe not of future real-world achievements...
mziel 12y ago
In addition to all the standard arguments against IQ (tailor at specific culture circles, can be taught and improved upon, measures subset of intelligence) it is important to remember that this is a sample of people who took the test, which by and far may not be a representative sample of a population. Most probably it's upwardly biased, but one has no way of knowing if the bias is constant across countries, which in turn makes any inference impossible.
higherpurpose 12y ago
I've always thought that IQ-tests are biased towards education, too, and not just "raw intelligence". This seems to confirm it. The richer countries tend to have higher average IQ than the poorer ones.
- purringmeow 12y ago
  No, not necessarily the richer - I can spot a direct correlation between the quality of the education system and the IQ reported here. Finland, the country with maybe the best schools(not Universities, schools) in Europe is leading.
  - dragonwriter 12y ago
    > No, not necessarily the richer - I can spot a direct correlation between the quality of the education system and the IQ reported here. The first sentence of the linked post, well before the actual maps, is "Please note: Quality of education greatly influences IQ scores, i.e. a lower average IQ is more indicative of lower access to wide-scale quality education rather than innate intelligence (as demonstrated, for example, here). Also, testing conditions influence results; wealthier countries are more likely to be able to afford better testing conditions for participants."
  - FranOntanaya 12y ago
    Yet, the quality of schools could be correlated to teachers and politicians with higher IQ. Chicken and egg...
    - worldpeace 12y ago
      Or fewer low IQ people. Whites and Asians in the US have a higher average IQ than the US as a whole for instance.
    - Symmetry 12y ago
      If you were to compare a similar map from 1970 with the current one the notion of which came first would be much more clear. Before WWII IQ was pretty evenly distributed across the regions of Germany, but during the partition the IQs of children born in East Germany fell way behind those born in West Germany. And now with reunification and economic convergence IQ scores have converged too. Genetics may play a fairly large role in explaining outcomes for individuals, but if it affects measurable differences in outcomes between large groups the effect is small enough to be drowned out by other factors.
nailer 12y ago
Relevant: http://www.paulgraham.com/say.html http://www.paulgraham.com/say.html Also relevant: http://48laws-of-power.blogspot.co.uk/2011/05/law-38-think-as-you-like-but-behave.html http://48laws-of-power.blogspot.co.uk/2011/05/law-38-think-a... The study might be true, but there's little benefit to us discussing it right now.
- purringmeow 12y ago
  Why? Are you worried it might bring forward discussions about race superiority and that kind of crap? In my opinion, this study can start a reasonable discourse on the difference between education systems.
  - nailer 12y ago
    Not worried, it's just a waste of time.
seszett 12y ago
Is the difference between say 97 and 101 IQ really significant? I'd attribute the scores that are lower than 90 (or maybe 95, or 98, I don't know) directly to lackings regarding national education, but does fluctuation among the others really mean something?
- lmm 12y ago
  With a large enough sample size small differences can be significant. It's bad practice to display a more precise IQ number than your confidence intervals, so I'll assume the differences are real.
- walshemj 12y ago
  its in theory a normal distribution Two standard deviations include 95% of the population
legulere 12y ago
Isn't the average IQ by definition 100?
- lmm 12y ago
  The overall average, sure. But just as that doesn't mean every single person's IQ is 100, it doesn't mean every country's average is the same.
wil421 12y ago
How can you get an accurate average IQ? I've never taken a formal IQ test in my life. I asked serval people around if they have and no one else has in their adult life.
- dragonwriter 12y ago
  > How can you get an accurate average IQ? The linked source has both maps based on only IQ data and maps based on IQ data adjusted with additional data from other assessments that have a demonstrated correlation to IQ results.
  - wil421 12y ago
    I dont find it very accurate to adjust an hard score based on other assessments, presumably those test arent IQ scores. Did every country take the same test?
- walshemj 12y ago
  I have taken a couple taken cold as I was diagnosed with dyslexia as a child and later on my employer got me some extra tutoring for adult dyslexics. I think my best was in the mid 130's or as I put it high enough :-)
- Fuxy 12y ago
  I have, in high school we were all asked to take a test.
  - wil421 12y ago
    Did you go to a public school? Most tests I remember taking were the ITBS, PSAT, SAT and ACT. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_standardized_tests_in_the_United_States http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_standardized_tests_in_t...
    - Fuxy 12y ago
      Yes however this was in Europe. Romania to be specific. It wasn't mandatory or anything just encouraged.
nodata 12y ago
This is a map of how well someone can use English, IQ tests are biased towards that.
- seszett 12y ago
  IQ tests are usually done using the person's first language, not English. What you are saying is only true if English tests are used for non-English-speaking people.
Grue3 12y ago
Interesting how you'll never meet a person whose IQ is less than 100 (or even 120) on the Internet. It's a rather flawed metric.
- jiggy2011 12y ago
  Have you tried twitter?
  - troels 12y ago
    I was going to suggest youtube comments ..
  - Grue3 12y ago
    The point is, nobody would ever admit to having low (even above average) IQ, not that they are actually smart.
phaemon 12y ago
>Tip: Did you know that “iron” is pronounced as “I earn”, not as “I Ron”? Who pronounces those the same? And who ever said it was the "correct" way?
fsloth 12y ago
One of the authors of one of the reference materials (Tatu Vanhanen) of Lynn and Vanhanen is fairly suspect in his methodology of applying and analysing of IQ scores. Fact #1: It's not actually obvious what IQ scores measure, what amount of cultural bias the scores have and does it even make sense to compare IQ scores between different populations. Well, it's a number so yes, you can numerically compare it, but - as we engineers would put it - it's not obvious that the scalar value of 'IQ' has the same dimension in disjoint populations. There are various attempts to map human beings mental capabilites on various basis functions (IQ, Briggs-Meyers etc.). From the point of view of armchair natural scientist none of the the approaches are very convincing as hard core analysis tools. As facilitation tools they can provide value, but facilitation always includes discussion and holistic analysis of what actually the number means in each situtation. Fact #2: Tatu Vanhanen has quite a lot of publicized work where he expresses views that are quite openly racist - veiled in a thin cloack of pseudoscientific analysis. It appears that he starts from the theory that some populations have higher IQ:s and then he massages the numbers until he can "prove" his original hypothesis of bias between some populations. I will not trust any number that man quotes because figuring out who he computed it would be a waste of time. IMHO, YMMV and so on but this has been his way or working for at least three decades. So, yes, crackpot radars ahoy. Although it would be cool to pat oneself in the back and say yes, we finns are really smart... seeing Vanhanens work quoted here makes me actually a bit shamed.
- fsloth 12y ago
  If you look at the home page of the referred book "Intelligence: A Unifying Construct for the Social Sciences" http://www.ulsterinstitute.org/intelligence.html http://www.ulsterinstitute.org/intelligence.html the first referred reviewer is http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Philippe_Rushton http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Philippe_Rushton who wikipedia links also to racially biased research. I don't have qualms about trying to understand human condition through measurement - but starting from some very limited, simple hypothesis and applying it to a complex emergent system like the human civilization is scientifically fairly suspect. You will always get correlation between large set of unconnected numbers and the way these guys work is that they collect IQ 'data' and then muddle through the numbers until they reach conclusions for which any 1920's western racial theorist would be proud. This "research" would be totally in the "Pirates and global warming" category of the Spaghetti Monster creed http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flying_Spaghetti_Monster#Pirates_and_global_warming http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flying_Spaghetti_Monster#Pirate... - except it's not funny.
tomp 12y ago
There's something wrong here... most (and most populous) countries have IQ below 100, but IQ 100 is defined as being the average of human populations. Unless other continents have significantly more intelligent people than in Europe (seems unlikely), then this chart must be significantly uncalibrated.
- staticelf 12y ago
  Maybe the overall IQ has lowered since we set the standard of 100? :) As the movie "Idiocracy" put it, evolution does not necesserily reward intelligence.
  - CapitalistCartr 12y ago
    On the contrary, raw IQ rises about 3 points per decade. The Flynn Effect. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flynn_effect http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flynn_effect
    - dragonwriter 12y ago
      OTOH, the 2012 map shows generally lower numbers than the 2007 map, which seems to suggest that Europe is running contrary to the general trend.
      - seszett 12y ago
        The whole article is about how the 2007 map was biased and how the 2012 map attempts to correct this bias. So you can't compare them the way you do it.
        dragonwriter 12y ago
        The only thing in the article about the relation to the older map is "Since the maps above [the 2012 maps] are based on more recent data, the map shown here [the 2007 map] should be considered outdated." There's not one word in the linked piece about bias in the older map, so saying that's what the whole article is about is, well, odd.
Zenst 12y ago
IQ as a measure is like comparing computers on speed of the CPU. It is only one measure that defines us and with that many aspects make us what we are.
jclos 12y ago
Maybe it's just me, but I would find those numbers much more interesting if they were accompanied by a measure of spread of the IQ distribution.
tokenadult 12y ago
The blog post author did a terrible job of research on IQ by encountering the writings of Richard Lynn (funded by the Pioneer Fund, and later an administrator of the Pioneer Fund) and not finding the writings of James R. Flynn,[1] the acknowledged expert on IQ trends over time, after whom the Flynn effect[2] is named. Flynn's TED talk[3] is the place to start for understanding what is really going on in IQ score trend and in national average IQ differences to date. By contrast, Lynn is decried as a sloppy scholar,[4] and is not taken seriously by the mainstream of human intelligence researchers. [1] http://www.amazon.com/What-Is-Intelligence-Flynn-ebook/dp/B000SGBL9U/ http://www.amazon.com/What-Is-Intelligence-Flynn-ebook/dp/B0... http://www.amazon.com/Are-Getting-Smarter-James-Flynn-ebook/dp/B009H7L0V0/ http://www.amazon.com/Are-Getting-Smarter-James-Flynn-ebook/... http://www.amazon.com/Intelligence-Human-Progress-Story-Hidden-ebook/dp/B00DG25JW8 http://www.amazon.com/Intelligence-Human-Progress-Story-Hidd... [2] http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/04/education/edlife/james-r-flynn-on-rising-iqs.html http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/04/education/edlife/james-r-f... http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2012/sep/23/james-flynn-iq-scores-environment http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2012/sep/23/james-flyn... http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/books/what-is-intelligence-beyond-the-flynn-effect/400077.article http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/books/what-is-intellig... [3] http://www.ted.com/talks/james_flynn_why_our_iq_levels_are_higher_than_our_grandparents http://www.ted.com/talks/james_flynn_why_our_iq_levels_are_h... [4] http://wicherts.socsci.uva.nl/wichertsRavenAfr2010rej.pdf http://wicherts.socsci.uva.nl/wichertsRavenAfr2010rej.pdf http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/1994/dec/01/the-tainted-sources-of-the-bell-curve/ http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/1994/dec/01/the-tai...
- fsloth 12y ago
  Excellent critique, Sir.
- Symmetry 12y ago
  I thought Unz's criticisms of Lynn were an excellent blend of accessible and thorough. http://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/race-iq-and-wealth/ http://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/race-iq-and-...

30 points by givan 12y ago

I wonder why people focus so much on IQ instead of better metrics. In this article, "The play deficit": http://aeon.co/magazine/being-human/children-today-are-suffering-a-severe-deficit-of-play/ http://aeon.co/magazine/being-human/children-today-are-suffe... there are these very interesting sentences: "Other research, by the psychologist Mark Runco and colleagues at the Torrance Creativity Center at the University of Georgia, shows that scores on the TTCT are the best childhood predictors we have of future real-world achievements. They are better predictors than IQ, high-school grades, or peer judgments of who will achieve the most." TTCT is "Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking". People should really be much more interested in metrics like TTCT, rather than IQ tests, SAT tests or other not very relevant metrics.

programmernews 12y ago
Probably because general intelligence is "the best-established, most predictive, most heritable mental trait ever discovered in psychology." (Geoffrey Miller, Spent)
- chriscool 12y ago
  I googled it and found the following: http://www.barrelstrength.com/2013/12/31/ramachandran-iq/ http://www.barrelstrength.com/2013/12/31/ramachandran-iq/ where there is: "Intelligence (says Prof. Miller at page 189 of Spent) is positively correlated to: brain size speed of performing basic sensory motor tasks (“reaction time is a factor”, as the cop said in Blade Runner) height symmetry of face and body semen quality (!) health, physical and mental longevity sexual attractiveness for long term relationships" So it is most predictive of many things, but maybe not of future real-world achievements...

mziel 12y ago

In addition to all the standard arguments against IQ (tailor at specific culture circles, can be taught and improved upon, measures subset of intelligence) it is important to remember that this is a sample of people who took the test, which by and far may not be a representative sample of a population. Most probably it's upwardly biased, but one has no way of knowing if the bias is constant across countries, which in turn makes any inference impossible.

higherpurpose 12y ago

I've always thought that IQ-tests are biased towards education, too, and not just "raw intelligence". This seems to confirm it. The richer countries tend to have higher average IQ than the poorer ones.

purringmeow 12y ago
No, not necessarily the richer - I can spot a direct correlation between the quality of the education system and the IQ reported here. Finland, the country with maybe the best schools(not Universities, schools) in Europe is leading.
- dragonwriter 12y ago
  > No, not necessarily the richer - I can spot a direct correlation between the quality of the education system and the IQ reported here. The first sentence of the linked post, well before the actual maps, is "Please note: Quality of education greatly influences IQ scores, i.e. a lower average IQ is more indicative of lower access to wide-scale quality education rather than innate intelligence (as demonstrated, for example, here). Also, testing conditions influence results; wealthier countries are more likely to be able to afford better testing conditions for participants."
- FranOntanaya 12y ago
  Yet, the quality of schools could be correlated to teachers and politicians with higher IQ. Chicken and egg...
  - worldpeace 12y ago
    Or fewer low IQ people. Whites and Asians in the US have a higher average IQ than the US as a whole for instance.
  - Symmetry 12y ago
    If you were to compare a similar map from 1970 with the current one the notion of which came first would be much more clear. Before WWII IQ was pretty evenly distributed across the regions of Germany, but during the partition the IQs of children born in East Germany fell way behind those born in West Germany. And now with reunification and economic convergence IQ scores have converged too. Genetics may play a fairly large role in explaining outcomes for individuals, but if it affects measurable differences in outcomes between large groups the effect is small enough to be drowned out by other factors.

nailer 12y ago

Relevant: http://www.paulgraham.com/say.html http://www.paulgraham.com/say.html Also relevant: http://48laws-of-power.blogspot.co.uk/2011/05/law-38-think-as-you-like-but-behave.html http://48laws-of-power.blogspot.co.uk/2011/05/law-38-think-a... The study might be true, but there's little benefit to us discussing it right now.

purringmeow 12y ago
Why? Are you worried it might bring forward discussions about race superiority and that kind of crap? In my opinion, this study can start a reasonable discourse on the difference between education systems.
- nailer 12y ago
  Not worried, it's just a waste of time.

seszett 12y ago

Is the difference between say 97 and 101 IQ really significant? I'd attribute the scores that are lower than 90 (or maybe 95, or 98, I don't know) directly to lackings regarding national education, but does fluctuation among the others really mean something?

lmm 12y ago
With a large enough sample size small differences can be significant. It's bad practice to display a more precise IQ number than your confidence intervals, so I'll assume the differences are real.
walshemj 12y ago
its in theory a normal distribution Two standard deviations include 95% of the population

legulere 12y ago

Isn't the average IQ by definition 100?

lmm 12y ago
The overall average, sure. But just as that doesn't mean every single person's IQ is 100, it doesn't mean every country's average is the same.

wil421 12y ago

How can you get an accurate average IQ? I've never taken a formal IQ test in my life. I asked serval people around if they have and no one else has in their adult life.

dragonwriter 12y ago
> How can you get an accurate average IQ? The linked source has both maps based on only IQ data and maps based on IQ data adjusted with additional data from other assessments that have a demonstrated correlation to IQ results.
- wil421 12y ago
  I dont find it very accurate to adjust an hard score based on other assessments, presumably those test arent IQ scores. Did every country take the same test?
walshemj 12y ago
I have taken a couple taken cold as I was diagnosed with dyslexia as a child and later on my employer got me some extra tutoring for adult dyslexics. I think my best was in the mid 130's or as I put it high enough :-)
Fuxy 12y ago
I have, in high school we were all asked to take a test.
- wil421 12y ago
  Did you go to a public school? Most tests I remember taking were the ITBS, PSAT, SAT and ACT. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_standardized_tests_in_the_United_States http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_standardized_tests_in_t...
  - Fuxy 12y ago
    Yes however this was in Europe. Romania to be specific. It wasn't mandatory or anything just encouraged.

nodata 12y ago

This is a map of how well someone can use English, IQ tests are biased towards that.

seszett 12y ago
IQ tests are usually done using the person's first language, not English. What you are saying is only true if English tests are used for non-English-speaking people.

Grue3 12y ago

Interesting how you'll never meet a person whose IQ is less than 100 (or even 120) on the Internet. It's a rather flawed metric.

jiggy2011 12y ago
Have you tried twitter?
- troels 12y ago
  I was going to suggest youtube comments ..
- Grue3 12y ago
  The point is, nobody would ever admit to having low (even above average) IQ, not that they are actually smart.

phaemon 12y ago

>Tip: Did you know that “iron” is pronounced as “I earn”, not as “I Ron”? Who pronounces those the same? And who ever said it was the "correct" way?

fsloth 12y ago

One of the authors of one of the reference materials (Tatu Vanhanen) of Lynn and Vanhanen is fairly suspect in his methodology of applying and analysing of IQ scores. Fact #1: It's not actually obvious what IQ scores measure, what amount of cultural bias the scores have and does it even make sense to compare IQ scores between different populations. Well, it's a number so yes, you can numerically compare it, but - as we engineers would put it - it's not obvious that the scalar value of 'IQ' has the same dimension in disjoint populations. There are various attempts to map human beings mental capabilites on various basis functions (IQ, Briggs-Meyers etc.). From the point of view of armchair natural scientist none of the the approaches are very convincing as hard core analysis tools. As facilitation tools they can provide value, but facilitation always includes discussion and holistic analysis of what actually the number means in each situtation. Fact #2: Tatu Vanhanen has quite a lot of publicized work where he expresses views that are quite openly racist - veiled in a thin cloack of pseudoscientific analysis. It appears that he starts from the theory that some populations have higher IQ:s and then he massages the numbers until he can "prove" his original hypothesis of bias between some populations. I will not trust any number that man quotes because figuring out who he computed it would be a waste of time. IMHO, YMMV and so on but this has been his way or working for at least three decades. So, yes, crackpot radars ahoy. Although it would be cool to pat oneself in the back and say yes, we finns are really smart... seeing Vanhanens work quoted here makes me actually a bit shamed.

fsloth 12y ago
If you look at the home page of the referred book "Intelligence: A Unifying Construct for the Social Sciences" http://www.ulsterinstitute.org/intelligence.html http://www.ulsterinstitute.org/intelligence.html the first referred reviewer is http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Philippe_Rushton http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Philippe_Rushton who wikipedia links also to racially biased research. I don't have qualms about trying to understand human condition through measurement - but starting from some very limited, simple hypothesis and applying it to a complex emergent system like the human civilization is scientifically fairly suspect. You will always get correlation between large set of unconnected numbers and the way these guys work is that they collect IQ 'data' and then muddle through the numbers until they reach conclusions for which any 1920's western racial theorist would be proud. This "research" would be totally in the "Pirates and global warming" category of the Spaghetti Monster creed http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flying_Spaghetti_Monster#Pirates_and_global_warming http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flying_Spaghetti_Monster#Pirate... - except it's not funny.

tomp 12y ago

There's something wrong here... most (and most populous) countries have IQ below 100, but IQ 100 is defined as being the average of human populations. Unless other continents have significantly more intelligent people than in Europe (seems unlikely), then this chart must be significantly uncalibrated.

staticelf 12y ago
Maybe the overall IQ has lowered since we set the standard of 100? :) As the movie "Idiocracy" put it, evolution does not necesserily reward intelligence.
- CapitalistCartr 12y ago
  On the contrary, raw IQ rises about 3 points per decade. The Flynn Effect. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flynn_effect http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flynn_effect
  - dragonwriter 12y ago
    OTOH, the 2012 map shows generally lower numbers than the 2007 map, which seems to suggest that Europe is running contrary to the general trend.
    - seszett 12y ago
      The whole article is about how the 2007 map was biased and how the 2012 map attempts to correct this bias. So you can't compare them the way you do it.
      - dragonwriter 12y ago
        The only thing in the article about the relation to the older map is "Since the maps above [the 2012 maps] are based on more recent data, the map shown here [the 2007 map] should be considered outdated." There's not one word in the linked piece about bias in the older map, so saying that's what the whole article is about is, well, odd.

Zenst 12y ago

IQ as a measure is like comparing computers on speed of the CPU. It is only one measure that defines us and with that many aspects make us what we are.

jclos 12y ago

Maybe it's just me, but I would find those numbers much more interesting if they were accompanied by a measure of spread of the IQ distribution.

tokenadult 12y ago

The blog post author did a terrible job of research on IQ by encountering the writings of Richard Lynn (funded by the Pioneer Fund, and later an administrator of the Pioneer Fund) and not finding the writings of James R. Flynn,[1] the acknowledged expert on IQ trends over time, after whom the Flynn effect[2] is named. Flynn's TED talk[3] is the place to start for understanding what is really going on in IQ score trend and in national average IQ differences to date. By contrast, Lynn is decried as a sloppy scholar,[4] and is not taken seriously by the mainstream of human intelligence researchers. [1] http://www.amazon.com/What-Is-Intelligence-Flynn-ebook/dp/B000SGBL9U/ http://www.amazon.com/What-Is-Intelligence-Flynn-ebook/dp/B0... http://www.amazon.com/Are-Getting-Smarter-James-Flynn-ebook/dp/B009H7L0V0/ http://www.amazon.com/Are-Getting-Smarter-James-Flynn-ebook/... http://www.amazon.com/Intelligence-Human-Progress-Story-Hidden-ebook/dp/B00DG25JW8 http://www.amazon.com/Intelligence-Human-Progress-Story-Hidd... [2] http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/04/education/edlife/james-r-flynn-on-rising-iqs.html http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/04/education/edlife/james-r-f... http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2012/sep/23/james-flynn-iq-scores-environment http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2012/sep/23/james-flyn... http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/books/what-is-intelligence-beyond-the-flynn-effect/400077.article http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/books/what-is-intellig... [3] http://www.ted.com/talks/james_flynn_why_our_iq_levels_are_higher_than_our_grandparents http://www.ted.com/talks/james_flynn_why_our_iq_levels_are_h... [4] http://wicherts.socsci.uva.nl/wichertsRavenAfr2010rej.pdf http://wicherts.socsci.uva.nl/wichertsRavenAfr2010rej.pdf http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/1994/dec/01/the-tainted-sources-of-the-bell-curve/ http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/1994/dec/01/the-tai...

fsloth 12y ago
Excellent critique, Sir.
Symmetry 12y ago
I thought Unz's criticisms of Lynn were an excellent blend of accessible and thorough. http://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/race-iq-and-wealth/ http://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/race-iq-and-...