The point is where the Titanium-esque part is built: kernel-land (native) or user-land (JS)? In Hyperloop/NativeScript (as far as I can understand NativeScript)

The point is where the Titanium-esque part is built: kernel-land (native) or user-land (JS)? In Hyperloop/NativeScript (as far as I can understand NativeScript) it is done completely in JS-land, so there’s no difference between Titanium code and app-code. In plain old Titanium (Ti.Current) the bridge is in kernel-space.