One also has to look at the surrounding studies for context and plausibility, not just this one in isolation. For example, I think you are overcautious in your

One also has to look at the surrounding studies for context and plausibility, not just this one in isolation. For example, I think you are overcautious in your comments on nutrition data in humans for calorie restriction and fasting - there is in fact quite a large amount of support for both benefits and safety in humans, both in the context of augmenting chemotherapy and as a general health practice. There is further an enormous weight of evidence in various mammal species for the benefits of calorie restriction and fasting. In the case of this particular item, referring specifically to alterations to the white blood cell counts and lineages, the human data only goes so far as chemotherapy patients, and not very many of them. Talking about age-altered immune systems is premature. It would not be a surprising result if validated by other researchers, as calorie restriction and fasting are already known to beneficially influence immune function over the long term, but the details here should be taken as merely interesting until someone else runs larger studies to obtain more data.