The mistake is using small objects since Java doesn't have structs and cannot really peel objects under normal circumstances. If I had to write Java code for be

The mistake is using small objects since Java doesn't have structs and cannot really peel objects under normal circumstances. If I had to write Java code for benchmark I'd just use a long array and represent the state in a long (not a java.lang.Long) Writing really cache friendly code in Java requires to look at the problem orthogonally and use int[]/long[] instead of a small Object with 3 small ints. The Java version simply features some quite horrific code but can easily be run in parallel - no one mentions that. Using streams in pure functional way w/o the parallel in mind is a ritual suicide. Finally, The CPU running benchmark has only 2 cores which is a disadvantage with tons of allocation and garbage.