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You're getting downvoted probably because people do not understand the raw truth that lies behind what you said. I detest articles that use the word "cure" and
by pak 12y ago
You're getting downvoted probably because people do not understand the raw truth that lies behind what you said.
I detest articles that use the word "cure" and "cancer" in the title. They are without fail so breathless about the clichéd achievement that they are exploiting in the headline that they either fail to acknowledge the real magnitude of the problem or gloss over it with practiced sleaze (not sure which happened to the writers here).
We've had a "cure" for cancer since the times when barbers also performed surgery on the side (Egyptian civilization, at least), and that is surgical excision. It's still the best treatment we have for many cancers, e.g. melanoma and lung cancer, both of which are much more common than the cancer in the article. It doesn't work for every cancer, but for some cancers it works good enough, and even better when combined with chemotherapy (which ham-handedly slows replication in every cell in your body). The point of any cure is to remove the cancer cells from your body and for some cancers they fortunately stay within one excisable area.
Like the GP comment pointed out, this is essentially a much more targeted version of the same thing. Obviously it would be better for the patient to retain B cells, without which they will have no adaptive immunity--just like a patient with melanoma would prefer to keep the hunk of their nose that the surgeon had to remove. This is an incremental, very fancy and very expensive improvement on the same old strategy of killing the organ to save the body. It will never work on non-blood cancers (which are the vast majority of cancers, BTW).
People do not understand that cancer is a disease that combines the trickiest parts of fighting aging with the trickiest parts of fighting infectious disease. Cell replication is one of the hardest things your body has to do, and it does it several trillions of times per day in your body, essentially copying about 1 billion TB worth of data while automatically detecting and fixing every dangerous error that could possibly result. It is natural that this process will screw up catastrophically at some point--on an infinite timescale, assuming we fix all other health issues, everybody will still get cancer just as surely as they age every year. And once they do, you have a cell that your immune system has carefully trained for decades not to engage, invading and hogging every resource it can, with mutations that allow it to adapt to selective pressures, including any drugs you might throw at it. Essentially, it's an infectious parasite, except it looks 99% like your own cells to your immune system, and is already perfectly suited to your body's style of metabolism.
Let's keep in mind that this can arise from any cell in your body that replicates, and just about every organ system has a good number of those to replenish malfunctioning or old cells and fix injuries. The possibilities are staggering and so are the number of known cancers.
There is no "magic bullet" that cures every single cancer, just like there is no "magic antibiotic" that kills every infectious bacterium. Even the smartest, most generalizable ideas right now, like cancer vaccines, depend on your immune system to make the final push, and the immune system is just as fallible as any other organ system. At the point where somebody can make the claim that all cancer is cured, we will as a matter of course have gained control over every replication event that occurs in our body (trillions upon trillions of nanoscale events per day). That will be a truly remarkable feat, but is in no way within reach of any foreseeable technology.
When we cure cancer, we will have by necessity cured aging and all infectious disease will have become a relatively trivial problem. That should put the claim of "curing cancer" into perspective.
- dchichkov 12y agoAs far as I understand it, the main problem is that the error rate of DNA replication is somewhat high ~ 1 error per 5 megabytes of data. As you've mentioned quite a lot of data needs to be copied during cell replication. So that's the problem to be solved - diminishing this error rate. And improving replication / correction mechanisms. And considering that there are no laws of nature that prohibit redundant replication of data with virtually no errors there should be no limit to improvement in that area.
- pak 12y ago> There are no laws of nature that prohibit redundant replication of data There most certainly are, at the information density of DNA. DNA is about a thousand times more information dense than our best hard drives. At that level, a passing photon can change or break enough chemical bonds to alter the bits. A nearby high-energy molecule can do the same. This actually happens gazillions of times per day in our body and we have a few hundred enzymes to automatically correct errors and a few hundred more to detect when those can't fix the problem and shut down the cell. The fact that it works at all is jaw-droppingly amazing. We take copying bits on and off hard drives for granted, and they only work for a few years max--cells operate on an entirely different scale of information transfer and yet some multicellular organisms live for centuries. Unfortunately, I don't think you could improve the error checking mechanisms in our cells without fundamentally redesigning a lot of how we work. It would be interesting to try to add more "parity" mechanisms besides the complementary base pairing, which is used by most of the repair enzymes. From an evolutionary standpoint, no species would ever naturally develop perfect DNA replication because it would halt diversification, which is needed to survive continually changing environmental threats. I should also add that it's a misconception that every cell in our body has the exact same DNA. That's only a half-decent approximation. In reality, a lot of our cells accumulate trivial mutations and it's OK. Some cells even rely on editing their own DNA to perform their primary function: that includes the B and T cells [1] which the cancer in the OP arise from. [1]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VDJ_recombination http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VDJ_recombination
- zackmorris 12y ago