All of the above. Politics is involved through school boards where an understanding of education is not really considered a job requirement. And at state and n

All of the above. Politics is involved through school boards where an understanding of education is not really considered a job requirement. And at state and national levels it's difficult to fix problems that are uniquely local. Teachers Unions can create the wrong incentives in a district. Good Admin people are hard to find and bad ones make the working environment unplatable for good teachers. Add in money as well for some districts.