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> IT’S spring again. Hip deep in asparagus — and, soon enough, tomatoes and zucchini — farm-to-table advocates finally have something from the farm to put on th

> IT’S spring again. Hip deep in asparagus — and, soon enough, tomatoes and zucchini — farm-to-table advocates finally have something from the farm to put on the table. Huh ? I live in western Europe and every Saturday morning I meet up with some fellows (~40 heads) to retrieve my vegetables and dairy products that are bought from local farmers. We have vegetables in winter. Do Americans really have no vegetables in winter ? > Perhaps the problem with the farm-to-table movement is implicit in its name. Imagining the food chain as a field on one end and a plate of food at the other is not only reductive, it also puts us in the position of end users. It’s a passive system — a grocery-aisle mentality — when really, as cooks and eaters, we need to engage in the nuts and bolts of true agricultural sustainability. Most people going into the farm-to-table movement I know are doing it to support their local farmers first. And yes we are rediscovering old "winter" vegetables. It took some time to find out how to cook some of them (eg: https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTBngVF-IiV2GB0DHt1BKI-qKasOYYbctPvCCuVB9T15d-7JeM- https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTBngVF...) I re-read the article again and I am under the impression the slow-food movement or the farm-to-table movement is really at the beginning in the US.

awalton 13y ago
> Do Americans really have no vegetables in winter ? Here in America we suffer from this thing called "climate", which causes weather-changing seasons to happen, which makes the northern parts of the country like New York into desolate wastelands of snow and ice and cold. (I know, this must be tough to understand for someone in Europe with its much more mild maritime and Mediterranean climate, of which we are intensely jealous, especially during those winter months.) This article is specifically talking about locally produced crops; during the winter, Americans get their vegetables from refrigerated storage or from the south. Southern California, Texas, Florida and Latin America are huge producers during the winter months, but other states also produce some amounts of winter hardy crops.
- zorpner 13y ago
  They have plenty of climate in Europe -- they just haven't become reliant on a single state that's going to be in extreme drought for at least the next decade for all their produce during the winter months. See, for example, Magnus Nilsson's talk at Google regarding how he produces nearly all his own vegetables at his restaurant in northern Sweden: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FEMdhX3gtCY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FEMdhX3gtCY
  - sparkman55 13y ago
    I think you're hinting about the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, which is associated with drier weather in California (this makes sense intuitively, since a cooler Pacific ocean near California means less energy to evaporate sea water, which means less moisture in the air, which means less rain). This oscillation in northern Pacific sea surface temperatures has a frequency of 30-50 years, so we'll probably be in the cool/dry phase for some time. However, given the variable nature of climate and a host of other oscillations and trends that are occurring at the same time, it's irresponsible to forecast "extreme drought for at least the next decade" based on this single signal. For example, forecasters are predicting El Niño this fall, which is a (generally) stronger signal than the PDO, and is statistically associated with wetter weather in California. You're definitely correct in worrying about the water situation in California, though. Population pressures, groundwater depletion, and climate effects all point to significant water resource pressure for the state in the foreseeable future. This will translate into higher food prices, as farming is a major use of water in the state.
    - akiselev 13y ago
      It'll be interesting to see whether the drought impacts Californians as much as the rest of the country. Our drought is really, really bad but California is one of the wealthier states with the largest population and an absurd share of the United Stats' agricultural production [1]. With a lot of our industrial meat production backed by corn from other states, our exports might suffer more than total agricultural production (18.8 out of >45 billion dollars) [1] http://www.cdfa.ca.gov/statistics/ http://www.cdfa.ca.gov/statistics/
- ironchef 13y ago
  In chicago we get plenty of veg even in the middle of winter (granted it's through use of greenhouses, hoop houses, etc.). Beyond that you can essentially grow a good amount of stuff until the ground freezes (unless you use some of the newer ground insulation methods) especially tubers, etc.
- jpatokal 13y ago
  Come try the "mild, maritime and Mediterranean climate" of mid-winter Scandinavia sometime. I've personally enjoyed -36 deg C coupled with a brisk sea breeze in Helsinki, and up in Lapland it's a toasty -50 deg C every now and then.
  - bostik 13y ago
    As a Finn I've found it remarkable that very few have ever realised just how far north the country is. The southernmost tip of the country is roughly on the same latitude as Anchorage. The rest of the country is then, naturally, on the same levels as most of Alaska or Yukon.
  - arethuza 13y ago
    That will be why "baltic" is used as a slang term here in the UK for "mild maritime and Mediterranean climate" :-)
  - dasil003 12y ago
    It's mild for the latitude. Consider that Minnesota gets those temperatures as well at the 45th parallel. That's with over 8 hours of daylight on the winter solstice.
- SixSigma 12y ago
  We grow lots of our winter produce in hydroponics under artificial lights. People campaign against flying in stuff like aubergines from Isreal but it is less energy intensive than the tomatoes they have with it.
deleted 13y ago
[deleted]
ekidd 13y ago
> Do Americans really have no vegetables in winter? You're not going to find many local vegetables in Vermont in the winter. True, we're south of Paris, but the ground is frequently under 50 centimeters of snow and ice, with occasionally nighttime lows of -20°C or below during cold snaps. Under these conditions, about the only winter vegetables that you can grow are mâche and maybe claytonia. Basically, you plant them in the fall, and allow them to overwinter in cold frames, or in hoop houses with row covers and a few degrees of artificial heat. You can't harvest the claytonia until the temperature goes above freezing, or it will wilt. The mâche can be harvested frozen and then thawed out. And it's a great salad green—tasty and attractive, without being bitter. I've grown both, and it was fun, but not terribly practical. To read about some really epic winter farming in the northern US, check out Four Season Harvest: http://www.amazon.com/Four-Season-Harvest-Organic-Vegetables-Edition/dp/1890132276 http://www.amazon.com/Four-Season-Harvest-Organic-Vegetables... Eliot Coleman has thought longer and deeper about this than just about anyone around here, and his book tends to suck geeks right in. But even Eliot Coleman has given up on January farming in northern New England. He can do it, and he can make money, but he prefers selling tons of salad greens and sweet baby carrots for the December holidays, and then spending January vacationing someplace warm. Mâche is pretty awesome, but it's not enough by itself.
- nwenzel 13y ago
  +1 for mâche. If anyone is trying to get more greens in their diet but need some sort of alternative to lettuce and spinach, give it a try. Tough to find, but worth it. Nutty flavor, not at all bitter like arugula.

awalton 13y ago

> Do Americans really have no vegetables in winter ? Here in America we suffer from this thing called "climate", which causes weather-changing seasons to happen, which makes the northern parts of the country like New York into desolate wastelands of snow and ice and cold. (I know, this must be tough to understand for someone in Europe with its much more mild maritime and Mediterranean climate, of which we are intensely jealous, especially during those winter months.) This article is specifically talking about locally produced crops; during the winter, Americans get their vegetables from refrigerated storage or from the south. Southern California, Texas, Florida and Latin America are huge producers during the winter months, but other states also produce some amounts of winter hardy crops.

zorpner 13y ago
They have plenty of climate in Europe -- they just haven't become reliant on a single state that's going to be in extreme drought for at least the next decade for all their produce during the winter months. See, for example, Magnus Nilsson's talk at Google regarding how he produces nearly all his own vegetables at his restaurant in northern Sweden: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FEMdhX3gtCY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FEMdhX3gtCY
- sparkman55 13y ago
  I think you're hinting about the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, which is associated with drier weather in California (this makes sense intuitively, since a cooler Pacific ocean near California means less energy to evaporate sea water, which means less moisture in the air, which means less rain). This oscillation in northern Pacific sea surface temperatures has a frequency of 30-50 years, so we'll probably be in the cool/dry phase for some time. However, given the variable nature of climate and a host of other oscillations and trends that are occurring at the same time, it's irresponsible to forecast "extreme drought for at least the next decade" based on this single signal. For example, forecasters are predicting El Niño this fall, which is a (generally) stronger signal than the PDO, and is statistically associated with wetter weather in California. You're definitely correct in worrying about the water situation in California, though. Population pressures, groundwater depletion, and climate effects all point to significant water resource pressure for the state in the foreseeable future. This will translate into higher food prices, as farming is a major use of water in the state.
  - akiselev 13y ago
    It'll be interesting to see whether the drought impacts Californians as much as the rest of the country. Our drought is really, really bad but California is one of the wealthier states with the largest population and an absurd share of the United Stats' agricultural production [1]. With a lot of our industrial meat production backed by corn from other states, our exports might suffer more than total agricultural production (18.8 out of >45 billion dollars) [1] http://www.cdfa.ca.gov/statistics/ http://www.cdfa.ca.gov/statistics/
ironchef 13y ago
In chicago we get plenty of veg even in the middle of winter (granted it's through use of greenhouses, hoop houses, etc.). Beyond that you can essentially grow a good amount of stuff until the ground freezes (unless you use some of the newer ground insulation methods) especially tubers, etc.
jpatokal 13y ago
Come try the "mild, maritime and Mediterranean climate" of mid-winter Scandinavia sometime. I've personally enjoyed -36 deg C coupled with a brisk sea breeze in Helsinki, and up in Lapland it's a toasty -50 deg C every now and then.
- bostik 13y ago
  As a Finn I've found it remarkable that very few have ever realised just how far north the country is. The southernmost tip of the country is roughly on the same latitude as Anchorage. The rest of the country is then, naturally, on the same levels as most of Alaska or Yukon.
- arethuza 13y ago
  That will be why "baltic" is used as a slang term here in the UK for "mild maritime and Mediterranean climate" :-)
- dasil003 12y ago
  It's mild for the latitude. Consider that Minnesota gets those temperatures as well at the 45th parallel. That's with over 8 hours of daylight on the winter solstice.
SixSigma 12y ago
We grow lots of our winter produce in hydroponics under artificial lights. People campaign against flying in stuff like aubergines from Isreal but it is less energy intensive than the tomatoes they have with it.

deleted 13y ago

[deleted]

ekidd 13y ago

> Do Americans really have no vegetables in winter? You're not going to find many local vegetables in Vermont in the winter. True, we're south of Paris, but the ground is frequently under 50 centimeters of snow and ice, with occasionally nighttime lows of -20°C or below during cold snaps. Under these conditions, about the only winter vegetables that you can grow are mâche and maybe claytonia. Basically, you plant them in the fall, and allow them to overwinter in cold frames, or in hoop houses with row covers and a few degrees of artificial heat. You can't harvest the claytonia until the temperature goes above freezing, or it will wilt. The mâche can be harvested frozen and then thawed out. And it's a great salad green—tasty and attractive, without being bitter. I've grown both, and it was fun, but not terribly practical. To read about some really epic winter farming in the northern US, check out Four Season Harvest: http://www.amazon.com/Four-Season-Harvest-Organic-Vegetables-Edition/dp/1890132276 http://www.amazon.com/Four-Season-Harvest-Organic-Vegetables... Eliot Coleman has thought longer and deeper about this than just about anyone around here, and his book tends to suck geeks right in. But even Eliot Coleman has given up on January farming in northern New England. He can do it, and he can make money, but he prefers selling tons of salad greens and sweet baby carrots for the December holidays, and then spending January vacationing someplace warm. Mâche is pretty awesome, but it's not enough by itself.

nwenzel 13y ago
+1 for mâche. If anyone is trying to get more greens in their diet but need some sort of alternative to lettuce and spinach, give it a try. Tough to find, but worth it. Nutty flavor, not at all bitter like arugula.