Probably the worst western example for this would be French. Spelling of French is based on the pronunciation of Old French (from ~900 years ago!) and sometime

Probably the worst western example for this would be French. Spelling of French is based on the pronunciation of Old French (from ~900 years ago!) and sometimes mixed with spelling based on the original Latin word from which the modern French word derives (from ~2000 years ago). AFAIK modern Greek orthography is not that bad, if you disregard the madness that polytonic script (which is solely based on how Greek was spoken/written in Antiquity) was used until the 80s.