There's lots more to be said about the late 80s collapse of AI (ES) applications and expectations On that subject, Richard Gabriel [1] writes about his experie

There's lots more to be said about the late 80s collapse of AI (ES) applications and expectations On that subject, Richard Gabriel [1] writes about his experiences as a founder of Lucid, which produced Common Lisp for regular Unix workstations, in the "Into the Ground: Lisp" chapter of his book, "Patterns of Software", which is available as a free PDF from his web site [2]. (Lucid's pivot to developing a C++ environment is covered in the "Into the Ground: C++" chapter). There's some interesting history there (and the rest of the book is probably worth reading as well for a variety of reasons). [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_P._Gabriel https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_P._Gabriel [2] http://dreamsongs.net/Files/PatternsOfSoftware.pdf http://dreamsongs.net/Files/PatternsOfSoftware.pdf