> 2. Cell tower antennas are simple dipoles, not directional antennas. > Cell tower antennas are vertically polarized dipoles > The fact that the vast majorit

> 2. Cell tower antennas are simple dipoles, not directional antennas. > Cell tower antennas are vertically polarized dipoles > The fact that the vast majority of cell tower antennas are simple dipoles -- it's the basis of the system You stated three times that cell tower antennas are simple dipoles. That's the problem. They're not simple dipoles. 20 or 30 years ago they absolutely were. Then a lot of users joined the system and the carriers all rolled out directional antennas in all but the most rural of places. I'm trying to make sure that you understand that this is the point I'm arguing. I fully agree that a 1/4 wave dipole is an omni. I fully agree that pCell probably uses omnis (at least initially). I fully agree that many years ago the cellular system used omnis. Where I don't agree is the idea that the current cellular system uses omnis. By and large, anywhere suburban or urban, and even many rural base stations all use directional antennas. I've provided tons of links showing that the carriers use directional antennas to further break up the large cells that existed when they put all the towers up (and used omnis) into smaller cells today which can support more users. > I proved my case, or weren't you paying attention? Just asserting that some statement is true doesn't make it so. I've provided plenty of evidence that carriers today use multiple directional antennas to service extra customers from their existing towers. "Directional antenna" doesn't necessarily mean a 5 degree beam width, an antenna can have a 30 or 60 or 90 or 180 degree beam width and still be directional. The towers used to be in the middle of the hexagonal cells, now they're at the place where three hexagons meet. Here is a patent by Nortel for a six-sector system in 2004. http://www.freepatentsonline.com/6745051.html http://www.freepatentsonline.com/6745051.html You'll notice the familiar triangle shape holding the antennas and that there are a total of 12 antennas. http://www.freepatentsonline.com/6745051-0-large.jpg http://www.freepatentsonline.com/6745051-0-large.jpg What does that look an awful lot like? To me it looks exactly like the middle antenna array in this picture: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Cell_Phone_Tower.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Cell_Phon... I don't know how to make it any clearer than that.