A related work may be the Mirage OS ( http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/projects/ocamllabs/tasks/mirage.html http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/projects/ocamllabs/tasks/mirage.html

A related work may be the Mirage OS ( http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/projects/ocamllabs/tasks/mirage.html http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/projects/ocamllabs/tasks/mirage.html ) which compiles applications and libraries into a microkernel that runs on Xen hypervisor. IMHO, compiling applications into the kernel or avoiding kernel share the same idea: the OS layer provides the generality with performance penalty; building them together for particular purpose lose the generality but achieve better performance.