There are three concrete harms from the current operations of the surveillance state. - Retroactive investigation/ parallel constructions: An arm of the govern

There are three concrete harms from the current operations of the surveillance state. - Retroactive investigation/ parallel constructions: An arm of the government decides an individual is undesirable and merely needs to look up their permanent record to find a crime to convict them of. - Chilling effects: People are unwilling to express unpopular political opinions because privileges of will be taken away from them. This undermines policy discovery. - Reduction in trust. Companies can be compelled by secret law or court order, systems are compromised, standards are undermined and government officials are blackmailed. A constant burden of suspicion creates enormous costs on society and makes everyone poorer.