5 ms·

Quantum vacuum plasma thruster

44 points by lelf 13y ago

dsr_ 13y ago
Chocolate Frosted Sugar Bombs. Proof that anyone can edit Wikipedia, and frequently does.
- unpointfulness 13y ago
  It's just a redirect man. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocolate_Frosted_Sugar_Bombs https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocolate_Frosted_Sugar_Bombs
Morendil 13y ago
No, Wikipedia, in the context of space missions a DTO is not a Data Transfer Object. (Fixed, so see https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quantum_vacuum_plasma_thruster&oldid=589440802 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quantum_vacuum_pl... for the lulz.)
stcredzero 13y ago
Basically a plausible sounding mechanic for "thrusters" from Larry Niven's Known Space. Lots of Sci-Fi ships as portrayed in media would be implausible if they actually had to carry reaction mass. Even antimatter fueled ships need mass fractions over 50% for intra-solar system missions. (Up to 80%, but for some reason, never over 80%. Robert Forward covered this in Mirror Matter) One thing I'm confused over, however, is what happens to the momentum? Is this like magically creating particles that carry momentum? (So you can carry momentum in the opposite direction.)
moocowduckquack 13y ago
This reference looks interesting: "A net unidirectional and reversible force on the order of ± 3.14 milli‐Newton or 0.069% of the suspended test article mass was recorded by us in our first high frequency 2.2 MHz test article. The authors also developed a W‐E model that integrates the various engineering parameters affecting the design, construction, and performance of W‐E based MLTs for the next generation of systems. When Woodward’s (2004a, 2004b, 2005) and our test results were compared with the model’s predictions, the test results exceeded predictions by one to two orders of magnitude. Efforts are underway to understand the discrepancies and update the model. The test results imply that these devices, when fully developed, could be competitive with ion engines intended for use on satellite station keeping and/or orbital transfers." http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/proceeding/aipcp/10.1063/1.2169317 http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/proceeding/aipcp/10.106...
- DennisP 13y ago
  Woodward's idea is something different though. It's based on general relativity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodward_effect https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodward_effect
  - moocowduckquack 13y ago
    Sorry, I sort of ignored the article and just had a look at the references instead.
- throwaway_yy2Di 13y ago
  That reference could hardly be sketchier. It's a non-peer-reviewed conference proceeding (basically, open forum free for anyone), by people with no academic affiliation, and no apparent publications on any topic besides this one: http://scitation.aip.org/content/contributor/AU0239062 http://scitation.aip.org/content/contributor/AU0239062 http://scitation.aip.org/content/contributor/AU0214881 http://scitation.aip.org/content/contributor/AU0214881
victorquinn 13y ago
This sounds a lot like a perpetual motion machine...
- claudius 13y ago
  No, one still needs energy to accelerate the particles to actually create an impulse. Think of it as a (propeller) airplane, but instead of accelerating air, it uses the quasiparticles due to vacuum fluctuations.
- slacka 13y ago
  Did you even read the article or just feel like spamming HN with some uninformed snarky comment? I also am skeptical about this and don't fully understand the physics behind it. But I did RTFA and all of the references checked out.
  - deleted 13y ago
    [deleted]
baq 13y ago
> equivalent specific impulse of ~1x10^12 seconds this is so much more than pretty much anything else it's hard to comprehend why there hasn't been a billion dollars put into it just to rule out the possibility that it could work.
- valarauca1 13y ago
  Most likely because of the 0.1N/kW. The best current made RTG's generate about 2.8 watts per kilogram. [source Wikipedia] Which means based on these current numbers well need 3500 kilograms per Newton of thrusts. This would generate a acceleration of 0.00002 m/s^2 of acceleration. This would take about an hour, and a half to make a 1m/s delta-v course change. And that's without the drive, communication, heating, or scientific instruments. The drive is VERY low powered. Also specific impulse means little if you don't have fuel, since it determines your efficiency, but this rocket already has 100% efficiency since it has no on-board fuel.
  - wcoenen 13y ago
    With a TOPAZ reactor you can get 15 watts per kilogram.
gus_massa 13y ago
All the information about this is very confusing, and in some press report it looks like a perpetual motion machine. I’ll try to explain what I had understood trying to find an explanations that don’t break the physics laws. You must use some particles to carry the momentum. It’s not clear, but the main candidates are photons (aka light). The quantization of the electromagnetic field is the cause of the Casimir effect, and the name of the particles that arrays due to the quantization of the electromagnetic is photons. Some other explanations talk about a moving mirror, and an oscillating mirror produces photons. The number of photons is not conserved, so they can be created or destroyed “out of thin air”. (Really you need another particle like and electron to carry the difference of energy and momentum. The electron then bounce against the ship to accelerate it forwards, and picks a little of energy to compensate the energy that used to create the photon. It’s plenty of electrons, and you can reuse them.) So this is equivalent to pointing a laser backwards, so the spaceships accelerate forwards. The discussion should be about efficiency. Is this more efficient than a laser? (Well, it’s not necessary to use a laser, a simple light bulb with a mirror that reflect the light that tries to go forward will work. If it’s not directional you will lost a lot of energy because the light that goes to the sides doesn’t accelerate the ship (I don’t want to do the integrals now, but I guest 1/3 of efficiency.) With a more directional setting, like the mirrors in a flashlight the efficiency will improve.)
- throwaway_yy2Di 13y ago
  This is inconsistent with the claimed "specific force performance of 0.1N/kW". The ratio a photon's momentum to energy is fixed at 1/c, which is 3.3E-6 N/kW.
  - claudius 13y ago
    Which is why using the vacuum fluctuations makes sense – these are particle/antiparticle pairs created randomly in the vacuum. Since these do have finite masses, you can accelerate them to larger momenta than would be possible with photons (which can also carry arbitrarily large momenta ℏω, but creating these high-frequency photons is difficult).
zackmorris 13y ago
The reason this is important (if it works) is that currently there is no known propellantless rocket that produces more thrust than light pressure. Light pressure is incredibly weak: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light#Light_pressure https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light#Light_pressure The formula is F = P/c so 1 watt of power (say, from a laser) only results in a force of 3.33 nano newtons or 0.75 nano pounds. In other words 1 kW (a little over 1 horsepower) results in about 1 micro newton or 1 micro pound of force. A craft that used light pressure for propulsion would use up most of its mass (even with fusion or antimatter fuel) to get to some fraction of the speed of light. So if this effect is real and has a performance higher than 3.33 nano newtons per watt, to me it's one of the greatest breakthroughs in the history of propulsion. It would have all kinds of ramifications for science because even though it doesn't break any laws of physics, it means that we can no longer assume that motion only comes from reactions with other matter or light. It would basically open the door to modifying the mass and energy of empty space. So I will remain highly skeptical until someone reproduces the claimed results, but I would love it if they did!

44 points by lelf 13y ago

dsr_ 13y ago

Chocolate Frosted Sugar Bombs. Proof that anyone can edit Wikipedia, and frequently does.

unpointfulness 13y ago
It's just a redirect man. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocolate_Frosted_Sugar_Bombs https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocolate_Frosted_Sugar_Bombs

Morendil 13y ago

No, Wikipedia, in the context of space missions a DTO is not a Data Transfer Object. (Fixed, so see https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quantum_vacuum_plasma_thruster&oldid=589440802 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quantum_vacuum_pl... for the lulz.)

stcredzero 13y ago

Basically a plausible sounding mechanic for "thrusters" from Larry Niven's Known Space. Lots of Sci-Fi ships as portrayed in media would be implausible if they actually had to carry reaction mass. Even antimatter fueled ships need mass fractions over 50% for intra-solar system missions. (Up to 80%, but for some reason, never over 80%. Robert Forward covered this in Mirror Matter) One thing I'm confused over, however, is what happens to the momentum? Is this like magically creating particles that carry momentum? (So you can carry momentum in the opposite direction.)

moocowduckquack 13y ago

This reference looks interesting: "A net unidirectional and reversible force on the order of ± 3.14 milli‐Newton or 0.069% of the suspended test article mass was recorded by us in our first high frequency 2.2 MHz test article. The authors also developed a W‐E model that integrates the various engineering parameters affecting the design, construction, and performance of W‐E based MLTs for the next generation of systems. When Woodward’s (2004a, 2004b, 2005) and our test results were compared with the model’s predictions, the test results exceeded predictions by one to two orders of magnitude. Efforts are underway to understand the discrepancies and update the model. The test results imply that these devices, when fully developed, could be competitive with ion engines intended for use on satellite station keeping and/or orbital transfers." http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/proceeding/aipcp/10.1063/1.2169317 http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/proceeding/aipcp/10.106...

DennisP 13y ago
Woodward's idea is something different though. It's based on general relativity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodward_effect https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodward_effect
- moocowduckquack 13y ago
  Sorry, I sort of ignored the article and just had a look at the references instead.
throwaway_yy2Di 13y ago
That reference could hardly be sketchier. It's a non-peer-reviewed conference proceeding (basically, open forum free for anyone), by people with no academic affiliation, and no apparent publications on any topic besides this one: http://scitation.aip.org/content/contributor/AU0239062 http://scitation.aip.org/content/contributor/AU0239062 http://scitation.aip.org/content/contributor/AU0214881 http://scitation.aip.org/content/contributor/AU0214881

victorquinn 13y ago

This sounds a lot like a perpetual motion machine...

claudius 13y ago
No, one still needs energy to accelerate the particles to actually create an impulse. Think of it as a (propeller) airplane, but instead of accelerating air, it uses the quasiparticles due to vacuum fluctuations.
slacka 13y ago
Did you even read the article or just feel like spamming HN with some uninformed snarky comment? I also am skeptical about this and don't fully understand the physics behind it. But I did RTFA and all of the references checked out.
- deleted 13y ago
  [deleted]

baq 13y ago

> equivalent specific impulse of ~1x10^12 seconds this is so much more than pretty much anything else it's hard to comprehend why there hasn't been a billion dollars put into it just to rule out the possibility that it could work.

valarauca1 13y ago
Most likely because of the 0.1N/kW. The best current made RTG's generate about 2.8 watts per kilogram. [source Wikipedia] Which means based on these current numbers well need 3500 kilograms per Newton of thrusts. This would generate a acceleration of 0.00002 m/s^2 of acceleration. This would take about an hour, and a half to make a 1m/s delta-v course change. And that's without the drive, communication, heating, or scientific instruments. The drive is VERY low powered. Also specific impulse means little if you don't have fuel, since it determines your efficiency, but this rocket already has 100% efficiency since it has no on-board fuel.
- wcoenen 13y ago
  With a TOPAZ reactor you can get 15 watts per kilogram.

gus_massa 13y ago

All the information about this is very confusing, and in some press report it looks like a perpetual motion machine. I’ll try to explain what I had understood trying to find an explanations that don’t break the physics laws. You must use some particles to carry the momentum. It’s not clear, but the main candidates are photons (aka light). The quantization of the electromagnetic field is the cause of the Casimir effect, and the name of the particles that arrays due to the quantization of the electromagnetic is photons. Some other explanations talk about a moving mirror, and an oscillating mirror produces photons. The number of photons is not conserved, so they can be created or destroyed “out of thin air”. (Really you need another particle like and electron to carry the difference of energy and momentum. The electron then bounce against the ship to accelerate it forwards, and picks a little of energy to compensate the energy that used to create the photon. It’s plenty of electrons, and you can reuse them.) So this is equivalent to pointing a laser backwards, so the spaceships accelerate forwards. The discussion should be about efficiency. Is this more efficient than a laser? (Well, it’s not necessary to use a laser, a simple light bulb with a mirror that reflect the light that tries to go forward will work. If it’s not directional you will lost a lot of energy because the light that goes to the sides doesn’t accelerate the ship (I don’t want to do the integrals now, but I guest 1/3 of efficiency.) With a more directional setting, like the mirrors in a flashlight the efficiency will improve.)

throwaway_yy2Di 13y ago
This is inconsistent with the claimed "specific force performance of 0.1N/kW". The ratio a photon's momentum to energy is fixed at 1/c, which is 3.3E-6 N/kW.
- claudius 13y ago
  Which is why using the vacuum fluctuations makes sense – these are particle/antiparticle pairs created randomly in the vacuum. Since these do have finite masses, you can accelerate them to larger momenta than would be possible with photons (which can also carry arbitrarily large momenta ℏω, but creating these high-frequency photons is difficult).

zackmorris 13y ago

The reason this is important (if it works) is that currently there is no known propellantless rocket that produces more thrust than light pressure. Light pressure is incredibly weak: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light#Light_pressure https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light#Light_pressure The formula is F = P/c so 1 watt of power (say, from a laser) only results in a force of 3.33 nano newtons or 0.75 nano pounds. In other words 1 kW (a little over 1 horsepower) results in about 1 micro newton or 1 micro pound of force. A craft that used light pressure for propulsion would use up most of its mass (even with fusion or antimatter fuel) to get to some fraction of the speed of light. So if this effect is real and has a performance higher than 3.33 nano newtons per watt, to me it's one of the greatest breakthroughs in the history of propulsion. It would have all kinds of ramifications for science because even though it doesn't break any laws of physics, it means that we can no longer assume that motion only comes from reactions with other matter or light. It would basically open the door to modifying the mass and energy of empty space. So I will remain highly skeptical until someone reproduces the claimed results, but I would love it if they did!