No, it is not fractional reserve banking that guarantees this, but duration mismatch. A bank investing money from demand deposits into 30-year bonds is what ca

No, it is not fractional reserve banking that guarantees this, but duration mismatch. A bank investing money from demand deposits into 30-year bonds is what causes this, but fractional reserve banking does not necessitate this practice. Full reserve banking means banks just hold your money, and don't invest it in anything, which would mean you'd have to pay them to store your money.