I think there's a general misapplication of the Dunning-Kruger effect, too, which can be seen in this article. Most people (like the author) use the Dunning-Kru

I think there's a general misapplication of the Dunning-Kruger effect, too, which can be seen in this article. Most people (like the author) use the Dunning-Kruger effect to mean: "stupid people don't know they're stupid." This is true, but not the way the authors meant it to be taken. It was really meant to be addressed as "maybe I don't know I'm stupid." ... taken that way, I think the author might have written a different article, wondering if he himself might be shutting away criticism. http://arstechnica.com/science/2012/05/revisiting-why-incompetents-think-theyre-awesome/ http://arstechnica.com/science/2012/05/revisiting-why-incomp... > Unfortunately, in those places ruled by the smug and complacent, a classic paper has become a weapon. The findings of Dunning and Kruger are being reduced to "Stupid people are so stupid that they don't know they are stupid." Rather bluntly, Dunning himself said, "The presence of the Dunning-Kruger effect, as it’s been come to be called, is that one should pause to worry about one’s own certainty, not the certainty of others."