I've read that the most effective way for the state to control the public's behaviour is a combination of taxes and subsidies (sorry, don't recall the source).

I've read that the most effective way for the state to control the public's behaviour is a combination of taxes and subsidies (sorry, don't recall the source). Simply tax bad behaviour and subsidize good behaviour. Other means are possible, but less efficient. The user fee could work, depending on the scale... if it is possible to be small enough to not deter individual use, but large enough to deter mass use in agriculture, then it stands a chance. As an aside, the common practice of municipal hotel taxes never made sense to me. Wouldn't a city wish to encourage people to visit?