C++ templates are also latently typed. The bad error messages arise from the fact that C++ templates behave more like a duck-typed language than a strongly-type

C++ templates are also latently typed. The bad error messages arise from the fact that C++ templates behave more like a duck-typed language than a strongly-typed language. Look at the error messages that arise from C++ template errors and a lot of them are about missing functions, just like you get at runtime when you have a type error is a dynamically-typed language. I think C++ concepts will improve this when they're standardized, because they will allow C++ compilers to type-check template arguments. (See bounded polymorphism.)