Another reason to pay attention to #2: Most CPUs perform simple arithmetic operations fastest on their native word size. On a 32-bit machine, addition and subtr

Another reason to pay attention to #2: Most CPUs perform simple arithmetic operations fastest on their native word size. On a 32-bit machine, addition and subtraction on 8-bit variables is probably slower than on 32-bit variables. (Often the hardware will transparently cast to 32 bits, perform the operation, then cast back to 8 bits.) I'm not an authority on this topic, so I don't want you to take away the message "always use the machine word size". What I do want you to take away is that there are many cases where an "obvious" optimization is counterproductive in practice. Always start with simple, working code, and never optimize without benchmarking.