This is a serious issue, but I don't think it was given a very serious treatment by the author. Smartphones offer objective benefits, and maybe cheap smartphon

This is a serious issue, but I don't think it was given a very serious treatment by the author. Smartphones offer objective benefits, and maybe cheap smartphones are worth buying even for the very poor. In that case, making everything smartphone based would benefit everyone. The claim that requiring smartphones to access certain services will be a net minus for the poor is not obvious. For example, what if welfare could only be applied for online, but the process was much simpler than paper forms? Would this help or hurt the poor?