I think there's a strong argument to be made that the answer to this question depends on exactly what you mean by "reason" and "predict". If you mean "predict"

I think there's a strong argument to be made that the answer to this question depends on exactly what you mean by "reason" and "predict". If you mean "predict" in the same sense as it's used in the phrase "predictive model", then the answer could be a resounding no - there's a hypothesis that the brain implements just one basic learning algorithm, and everything else is just emergent phenomena coming out of that.