This was truly a great article and i have bookmarked it for later reading (i haven't read all of it yet). But perhaps i can expand on this explaining what "opti

This was truly a great article and i have bookmarked it for later reading (i haven't read all of it yet). But perhaps i can expand on this explaining what "options" are in the first place. Ok imagine a situation where stock X costs $100 today. Alice thinks that the price will go considerably up, bob thinks it'll go down. So they make a deal, one year from now, Alice will buy shares of stock X from Bob at $104 dollars[1]. Now if Alice's prediction is right, she'll make a profit by buying low ($104) and selling high (at the then market price). If bob's prediction is right, he'll profit by buying low (market price) and selling high($104). This is called a Forward Contract. Problem with Forward Contracts are that they put you in an obligation to make that transaction, no matter how much loss. What if the price falls and Alice doesn't wanna buy from bob? So then instead of a Forward Contract, she'd get an option (a "Call" option to be specific). This will give her the option to either buy the shares at the agreed upon price (called "strike price") if it is favorable, else do nothing. Well what about Bob? He can get into a "put" option (with someone else) that gives him the option to sell stock X if it is favorable. Pretty neat huh? but the difference here is, Forwards are free (except for tax etc) and options cost a "premium" to get into. But since options COST something, that means you can SELL them as well and make money off of that. And their prices vary just like the price of stock varies. Hope this helps