Sure, but the restrictions are 1. be from Scotland 2. be human In the case of OP, valuation is simply what the market will pay to own the stock of a company.

Sure, but the restrictions are 1. be from Scotland 2. be human In the case of OP, valuation is simply what the market will pay to own the stock of a company. Sometimes it coincides with what any individual will pay, sometimes not. There is no sort of magical intrinsic value to a company. All we are really doing is arguing over the definition of valuation.