What I would want to know about any purported nootropic is whether or not there is independent research about its safety, first of all, and about its effectiven

What I would want to know about any purported nootropic is whether or not there is independent research about its safety, first of all, and about its effectiveness as measured objectively and not just by subjective reports from users. That's a low bar, but I have not heard of most nootropics even clearing that bar. The question I always ask about "smart drugs" is, "What smart things have people done who use these drugs?"