I read that report a few days ago. It's indeed shocking. One way to explain it is that, the split of EE and CS in universities, most firmware engineers are EE g

I read that report a few days ago. It's indeed shocking. One way to explain it is that, the split of EE and CS in universities, most firmware engineers are EE graduates, who knows the hardware to the register level, but not as good on software, not at all. The life-threatening related products, such as cars, medical devices, rockets,etc, probably some strict certificate on software development is good, otherwise it's totally subjective. The so-called computer engineering major is a nice try, students take courses in both EE and CS fields.