Since I recently did something similar in R: d <- read.csv(file='~/stuff/earlh/Iran_2009.csv', header=T, sep=',') lastDigit <- function(v){ v - 10*f

Since I recently did something similar in R: d <- read.csv(file='~/stuff/earlh/Iran_2009.csv', header=T, sep=',') lastDigit <- function(v){ v - 10*floor(v/10) } digits <- lastDigit( c(d$Ahmadinejad, d$Karroubi, d$Mousavi, d$Rezaee)) hist(digits, breaks=10) #chi2 gof tab <- table(digits) n <- length(digits) model <- chisq.test(x=tab, p=rep(0.1, 10)) model # hand generated -- check our work above ts <- 0 for(i in 1:length(tab)){ ts <- ts + ( tab[[i]] - 0.1*n)^2 / (0.1*n) } qchisq(p=1-0.076, df=9) and to be more specific: (def regions (sel votes :cols "Region")) (def ahmadinejad-votes (sel votes :cols "Ahmadinejad")) (def mousavi-votes (sel votes :cols "Mousavi")) (def rezai-votes (sel votes :cols "Rezai")) (def karrubi-votes (sel votes :cols "Karrubi")) # -or- attach(d) (def ahmadinejad (map first-digit ahmadinejad-votes)) (def mousavi (map first-digit mousavi-votes)) (def rezai (map first-digit rezai-votes)) (def karrubi (map first-digit karrubi-votes)) # -or- digits <- lastDigit( c(d$Ahmadinejad, d$Karroubi, d$Mousavi, d$Rezaee)) # not even attached -- could drop d$ etc. While it's obviously a matter of taste, it looks horridly verbose.