For reference, the specification for the European power grid is in the "Continental Europe Operation Handbook", Part "P1, Load-Frequency Control and Performance

For reference, the specification for the European power grid is in the "Continental Europe Operation Handbook", Part "P1, Load-Frequency Control and Performance". https://www.entsoe.eu/publications/system-operations-reports/operation-handbook/ https://www.entsoe.eu/publications/system-operations-reports... It's actually a pretty elaborate system (who would have guessed?) with phase-stiffness between subsystems specified, because this basically defines the amount of power drawn/sourced. Timing is just the "outermost" regulation loop.