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The top languages today all existed by 2000 -- many well before that. C: 1972 C++: 1983 Objective-C: 1983 Python: 1992 PHP: 1995 JavaScript: 1995 Ruby: 1

The top languages today all existed by 2000 -- many well before that. C: 1972 C++: 1983 Objective-C: 1983 Python: 1992 PHP: 1995 JavaScript: 1995 Ruby: 1995 Java: 1995 C#: 2000 Of course, these rankings are skewed by existing codebases, but they're still topping the charts. In 2020, the languages at the top of the charts will surely have existed in 2010 -- what imperative-functional hybrid that is presently in use did you have in mind?

klibertp 13y ago
I don't know what specific language GP had in mind, but I would guess it's probably one of OCaml, F# or Scala. Or Rust - did Rust development start before 2010? Or one of the Lisps, where Clojure has a bit "worse" (or better, depending on who you ask:)) imperative story than Racket (the latter has mutable lists and hashes, although they are discouraged and not the default), but both are on the way to popularity (I still believe in this) and have mixed, imperative, generic, OO (Racket) and functional features. Of course Common Lisp, which is similarly a mix of paradigms, has a chance to make a great comeback too. There's also JavaScript, especially with improvements it's going to get in the future, but this damned thing already is 9th according to TIOBE[1]. Honestly, I wouldn't be very disappointed if it proved to be like this. All these languages are interesting and in 7 years time could become true "languages of the future". However, despite hoping so, I don't believe it will come true. Most probably some languages will just move slightly higher with others moving a bit lower. Java will remain in the first 3, at the very least. Maybe Objective-C will swap places with C++ and Python or Ruby (or both) will come close to PHP. That's all I think will change, although it would be nice to see Rust instead of C++ for example or Clojure in place of (Visual) Basic. Also, all the currently most popular languages are this young because there was a major paradigm shift from imperative to OO in the '80. Without similar shift happening sometime soon we will be stuck with Java not just to 2020, but to 2040 at least :) [1] http://www.tiobe.com/index.php/content/paperinfo/tpci/index.html http://www.tiobe.com/index.php/content/paperinfo/tpci/index....
coldtea 13y ago
Well, by "imperative-functional hybrid" I wasn't going for maximul functional-ness, e.g something like Ocaml or F#. I was referering to stuff in the current trend of imperative languages with added functional capabilities (from first class functions to closures to macros) and used with a dash (or several) of functional idioms. So stuff like C#, Scala, etc would qualify. Javascript and Ruby too. And Rust, if it hits off. And I also had in mind how those and their libs would evolve more "functionaly" going forward to 2020.

klibertp 13y ago

I don't know what specific language GP had in mind, but I would guess it's probably one of OCaml, F# or Scala. Or Rust - did Rust development start before 2010? Or one of the Lisps, where Clojure has a bit "worse" (or better, depending on who you ask:)) imperative story than Racket (the latter has mutable lists and hashes, although they are discouraged and not the default), but both are on the way to popularity (I still believe in this) and have mixed, imperative, generic, OO (Racket) and functional features. Of course Common Lisp, which is similarly a mix of paradigms, has a chance to make a great comeback too. There's also JavaScript, especially with improvements it's going to get in the future, but this damned thing already is 9th according to TIOBE[1]. Honestly, I wouldn't be very disappointed if it proved to be like this. All these languages are interesting and in 7 years time could become true "languages of the future". However, despite hoping so, I don't believe it will come true. Most probably some languages will just move slightly higher with others moving a bit lower. Java will remain in the first 3, at the very least. Maybe Objective-C will swap places with C++ and Python or Ruby (or both) will come close to PHP. That's all I think will change, although it would be nice to see Rust instead of C++ for example or Clojure in place of (Visual) Basic. Also, all the currently most popular languages are this young because there was a major paradigm shift from imperative to OO in the '80. Without similar shift happening sometime soon we will be stuck with Java not just to 2020, but to 2040 at least :) [1] http://www.tiobe.com/index.php/content/paperinfo/tpci/index.html http://www.tiobe.com/index.php/content/paperinfo/tpci/index....

coldtea 13y ago

Well, by "imperative-functional hybrid" I wasn't going for maximul functional-ness, e.g something like Ocaml or F#. I was referering to stuff in the current trend of imperative languages with added functional capabilities (from first class functions to closures to macros) and used with a dash (or several) of functional idioms. So stuff like C#, Scala, etc would qualify. Javascript and Ruby too. And Rust, if it hits off. And I also had in mind how those and their libs would evolve more "functionaly" going forward to 2020.