So this is kind of like the study of how humans think ... or their "cognition", say. You could call it a ... cognitive science. I only mention this because the

So this is kind of like the study of how humans think ... or their "cognition", say. You could call it a ... cognitive science. I only mention this because the phrase "cognitive science" isn't mentioned once in the linked article or the call for proposals. Cognitive scientists have been working on the problem of finding the "algorithms of thought" for decades. Look at Marr's Vision, or Randy Gallistel's body of work (in particular his new book Memory and the computational brain) for examples.