Your human-centric arguments are very weak, as I'll detail below. The more practical danger is one of dehumanization. If there is a legal (not scientific) line

Your human-centric arguments are very weak, as I'll detail below. The more practical danger is one of dehumanization. If there is a legal (not scientific) line that you can neatly draw between human (suffering counts) and non-human (suffering doesn't count), then there will always be pressure to classify undesirables as non-human. This is always there in the background, and if we enable it, humans get abused. So, there is some practical value in being over-protective of creatures even if we don't think they're fully people. Yes, we as a society should figure out what level of suffering we're okay with inflicting to pursue certain goals. It's perfectly legitimate for people to hold the opinion that the right answer is "none". > Misery is electrons flying in the brain. This is irrelevant and dismissive. It does not distinguish between human and non-human misery, unless you believe in some magical human sauce. > Animal is a mechanism. This is not a convincing argument. In my life and studies, I've yet to see a convincing reason why humans are not also mechanisms (assuming a broad enough definition that includes mammals). In other words, humans and mammals are much closer on the mechanism-complexity-spectrum than say rats and mechanical watches. I would not empathize with a single ant's suffering (if it even can), but I would empathize with a dog's suffering. > Canidae in nature have no problem with killing or inflicting suffering btw. True, but we hold ourselves to a more restrictive standard. > Would you empathize with a computer program simulating pain model Your use of the word "simulating" pre-supposes the conclusion. This is a more problematic case. Part of suffering, I think, is the inability to control the response. I.e. if all humans had the bio-machinery to turn off pain or worry, then it changes the equation. I assume that any computer program that's sufficiently complicated to convince us it's a general AI would also be able to rewrite itself to remove suffering (except by choice). That said, maybe its esoteric and abstract concerns relating to ensuring its survival could cause it suffering.