Unfortunately the terms "software engineer" and "programmer" are often used interchangeably. There are many degree courses that lead to the qualifications in s

Unfortunately the terms "software engineer" and "programmer" are often used interchangeably. There are many degree courses that lead to the qualifications in software engineering. However, it is possible to be self taught. The only problem being that many programmers don't know what they don't know and that can lead to problems if more experienced (and knowledgable) people are not available to address gaps in knowledge and skill. I prefer to think that software used in critical applications, e.g. avionics in new airplanes, are produced by software engineers having undergone rigorous education and experience.