Is there any literature on whether a rules/laws violation is more or less likely in a paired environment than in a single-user environment? The thinking is that

Is there any literature on whether a rules/laws violation is more or less likely in a paired environment than in a single-user environment? The thinking is that the next Snowden will be stopped by his partner. But I can also see a possibility where the next Snowden has some misgivings, but doesn't have the confidence to go through with action until he voices his misgivings to his partner, and they give each other the courage to proceed. Which is more likely?