Well, I'm fairly certain that anywhere along the same line of lattitude, the Sun looks the same at any given time of day. As for the Stars, yeah that might wor

Well, I'm fairly certain that anywhere along the same line of lattitude, the Sun looks the same at any given time of day. As for the Stars, yeah that might work. But only on a clear night. Pressure would be okay for determining altitude, but that's it. Temp and pressure are so wildly variable that it would be a thoroughly useless metric for determining position. Not to mention that there simply aren't databases of historical temperature data for random expanses of Pacific Ocean.