The paper here is completely backwards. It is because of the AMA, HHS, FDA and the rest that doctors spend 30 years getting licensed. After this point they are

The paper here is completely backwards. It is because of the AMA, HHS, FDA and the rest that doctors spend 30 years getting licensed. After this point they are isolated, and kept separate from the rest of the medical supply chain (drugs, devices, imaging, diagnostics). Try doing it full stack and see how quickly the attorney general comes at you for competing with the local hospital. Doctors are also kept in the dark about prices, though are all too happy to accept high salaries. This set of affairs is one of the contributors to spiraling costs. No one wants to admit that health care has a price, and that the scarcity of (say) MRI machine time will either be allocated by market mechanisms or by queues and politics.