I prefer the term "semi-functional" for imperative languages that provide some support for functional programming. It's a loose category, but I don't think it'

I prefer the term "semi-functional" for imperative languages that provide some support for functional programming. It's a loose category, but I don't think it's completely meaningless. At a minimum it requires anonymous function expressions and garbage collection. That rules out C++ and (until recently) Java. Some semi-functional languages have better support for functional programming than others, of course. JavaScript qualifies as semi-functional, but I agree that its syntax is not particularly conducive to the functional style. ML is a good example of a semi-functional language with very good support for the functional style.