> the initialization can be done at compile time, or (sometimes, in C++) on program startup With ELF binaries for C programs it's done at startup as well. The

> the initialization can be done at compile time, or (sometimes, in C++) on program startup With ELF binaries for C programs it's done at startup as well. The data segment is created as having memory size SIZEM and file size SIZEF. If SIZEF < SIZEM, memory from SIZEF to SIZEM is set to 0.