That's one that I definitely had in mind! Some of the work done in computer vision in particular is pretty incredible. The SIFT result by Lowe for example has

That's one that I definitely had in mind! Some of the work done in computer vision in particular is pretty incredible. The SIFT result by Lowe for example has just barely started to become applied (take a look at Photosynth by Microsoft - that's entirely made possible through SIFT.) Particle filters in their various forms will become more and more widespread as computation becomes cheaper (the Condensation algorithm is a good example.) All of this is just now starting to add up to allow people to create truly intelligent systems that can interact with the world.