Yes, but modern English lacks case markers. If we consider ‘a couple of apples’ a genitive construction, then I guess you could probably say it's similar to дв

Yes, but modern English lacks case markers. If we consider ‘a couple of apples’ a genitive construction, then I guess you could probably say it's similar to два яблока (‘two apples’), where ‘яблока’ is singular genitive form. (The example is in Russian, which seems to be like Polish in this regard.)