> Lisp -> Closure There is no single "Lisp", but many dialects including Common Lisp, Scheme (and its bazillion variants), Clojure, Emacs Lisp, Arc... > Java

> Lisp -> Closure There is no single "Lisp", but many dialects including Common Lisp, Scheme (and its bazillion variants), Clojure, Emacs Lisp, Arc... > Java -> Scala Except for the fact that Scala is based on the JVM and partly reuses the Java standard library (for interoperability reasons), the language is the product of many influences, including ML, Haskell, Java, Scheme, Eiffel... The syntax and the "feel" of the language is actually quite far from Java thanks to its functional side.