I believe Sweden's system is organized roughly in that manner, though not all the way down to individual hospitals. The majority of the funding comes from local

I believe Sweden's system is organized roughly in that manner, though not all the way down to individual hospitals. The majority of the funding comes from local/regional taxes that pay for the healthcare system within the region. Then it's supplemented with some national funds that subsidize poorer and more rural regions, and which also provide grants to incentivize regions to do some things that the national government considers priorities. A quick look at Wikipedia says it's overall 71% funded at a local/regional level and 29% at a national level. Switzerland also has a system based on compulsory insurance within each canton. The state doesn't operate the healthcare directly, but residents of each canton have to buy insurance from one of a small number of nonprofit insurance providers available in their canton, which end up doing the risk pooling.