The best way to understand it is to look at the source: php - https://github.com/TechEmpower/FrameworkBenchmarks/blob/master/php/dborm.php https://github.com/T

The best way to understand it is to look at the source: php - https://github.com/TechEmpower/FrameworkBenchmarks/blob/master/php/dborm.php https://github.com/TechEmpower/FrameworkBenchmarks/blob/mast... php-raw - https://github.com/TechEmpower/FrameworkBenchmarks/blob/master/php/dbraw.php https://github.com/TechEmpower/FrameworkBenchmarks/blob/mast... For "php", they used an ORM. For php-raw they used the stdlib (pdo).