Physicians in private practice can pay half of their gross billing in insurance collection costs, including denied claims (which patients are nominally responsi

Physicians in private practice can pay half of their gross billing in insurance collection costs, including denied claims (which patients are nominally responsible for, but often don't/can't pay) and hiring experts to deal with the deliberately complex and ever-changing paperwork that insurance companies use to induce excuses to deny claims. That's before all other costs, including staff with an actual non-bureaucratic purpose, office space, malpractice insurance, etc.