For your first example it depends on various factors. Sometimes having the links inside a list is more efficient in terms of styling versus having a series of r

For your first example it depends on various factors. Sometimes having the links inside a list is more efficient in terms of styling versus having a series of repeating anchors. Then again, in most cases you can just as easily wrap the anchors in a div with similar outcomes. About this: <div id="header"><h1>header</h1></div> There are reasons to do this. If all your doing is simply wrapping a block element with a block element then that's likely not a good idea. You are right in that if any styling done to the div can be done to the h1 then you might as well skip using the div in the first place. One reason to do that is for a header with a defined size that has a background image for display and the h1 is text inside that header that can be placed via positioning. Although more than likely the h1 is not a good choice for that role.