I'd be so bold as to make a categorical statement: If your classes are invariably stateful, or if they can reasonably be described with the phrase "lots of laye

I'd be so bold as to make a categorical statement: If your classes are invariably stateful, or if they can reasonably be described with the phrase "lots of layers", then you're doing it wrong. You're not doing object-oriented programming so much as the mongrel "class-oriented programming" style that rose to prominence among C++ programmers in the 1990s. Good well-modularized object-oriented code should not be an alternative to a collection of functions. It should be a technique for making your collections of functions more effective. It allows you to write a smaller, more concise collection of functions that can operate in a consistent manner on a whole plethora of datatypes. It accomplishes this because you can write your functions against a common set of mixins that your datatypes inherit rather than having to worry about specializing them for every datatype.