> I read your post to mean that you were not considering > the payoff, and only the probabilities. Ultimately, the payoff is just acting as a constant offset

> I read your post to mean that you were not considering > the payoff, and only the probabilities. Ultimately, the payoff is just acting as a constant offset to the break-even point (assuming the payoff doesn't vary with some other parameter). The skewed payoff may mean that you only need 25% accuracy to break even or it could mean that you need 95% accuracy to break even. It doesn't matter. Either way, you can effectively ignore it and consider, for a given payoff schedule, how your prediction algorithm will perform. If we live in a universe where you can under-perform a coin toss and still make money because of how the bet is skewed, then I can do better by flipping a coin! If the bet is skewed the other way, then we will both lose money but my coin toss will lose less. Let me restate that: you can completely dissociate your prediction algorithm from your cost function > As for the rest, what does "opposite trade" mean? For > instance, going short versus going long carries very > different risks. It's unlikely that your payoff would > simply be mirrored. Here my (lack of) knowledge of the various types of financial transactions that can be made puts me at a disadvantage, but the way the "article" describes it, the rats were trained to press a green button (long, betting prices were going to go up) or a red button (short, betting prices were going to go down). There are only four outcomes here (as I understand it): * Predict Up, Moves Up * Predict Down, Moves down * Predict Up, Moves Down * Predict Down, Moves Up It's possible that you can better predict upward movements than downward movements, but lets assume for simplicity that you (or the rats) are equally bad at both. If you were able to predict at 25% accuracy, I would take what you told me (up or down) and flip it-- because you are actually performing at 75% accuracy, you just don't know it. Then I would make a trade. I don't know what the most clever trade that could be made based on that knowledge, or what the various payoffs associated with them are, but as I showed above, it doesn't matter for the analysis.