I would draw a distinction between productivity and innovation. The source of Walmart's productivity gains was not innovation within Walmart, but advances in t

I would draw a distinction between productivity and innovation. The source of Walmart's productivity gains was not innovation within Walmart, but advances in technology, from which Walmart was able to take advantage of more quickly than competitors. Just because retail gained in productivity and Walmart is the biggest retailer does not imply that Walmart is the source of innovation. I do give Walmart credit for their aggressive play, but the business of retail is still that of a middleman with a storefront, inventory management, customer service and thin margins. I applaud Amazon's efforts to prevent disruption with the Kindle and to move into the cloud. AWS is fairly innovative.