The C/C++ level API used is essentially identical and mostly part of C/C++ standard (including iconv()). But the main difference is that on Unix most people don

The C/C++ level API used is essentially identical and mostly part of C/C++ standard (including iconv()). But the main difference is that on Unix most people don't bother to use any of this and either don't care about encoding at all, or convert everything into utf-8 and process utf-8 strings byte by byte, or use some high level library for string handling.