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When all you have is a hammer, everything looks like a nail. I refer to what I think the author is asking for, as "push button reproducibility," i.e., the idea
by analog31 7d ago
When all you have is a hammer, everything looks like a nail.
I refer to what I think the author is asking for, as "push button reproducibility," i.e., the idea that the results will reproduce themselves at the push of a button, anywhere, at any time in the future. I have a couple of misgivings about this.
First, the whole idea of "open" research predates computer technology. Forcing science to keep up with the latest ideas in software distribution is too much of a burden, when science is already too risky and slow. I had the odd privilege of learning the scientific method from my mom, before there was widespread access to computers. Her version was that a study should be reproducible by a reasonably skilled person. This is a greatly relaxed standard, but is realistic for a discipline that spans decades if not centuries.
I supplied all of the data and code for my thesis research (and a sufficient number of mechanical and electrical drawings). But nobody has Turbo Pascal today, and some of the commercial instruments such as specialized lasers were already obsolete by the time I finished. Also, the experiment was dangerous, and might not pass safety review today. It required about $500k of equipment and a dedicated lab.
Today I have the luxury of saying that if my code fails upon loading a new version of a dependency, the person who discovers that failure is probably skilled enough to fix it, and my work rarely hinges on the idiosyncracies of dependency versions. If it goes into a product, they'll totally rewrite it anyway.
Second, science is still at its core an experimental discipline. Even in physics, there are more experimentalists than theoreticians. Reproducibility means roll up your shirt sleeves and head for the lab. To this day, some processes have not been mechanized, and you still need to spend years developing "lab hands" which not all people succeed at.
I think there's a clue in the fact that the social and medical sciences seem to be the most deeply embroiled in the reproducibility crisis. It's because the quality of results depends on the the quality of measurements, and it's just harder when dealing with living subjects or one-of-a-kind specimens (such as the earth's climate). In fact, not much more than a century ago, it was believed that studying those things was beyond the reach of scientific methodology.
Third, we're not going to stop doing science in areas where it's hard, particularly in medicine, but we're also not going to staff up in areas such as software development, to make science work better. People are suffering from disease right now so there's always an urgency to finding cures, plus an obvious profit motive.
Disclosure: Experimental physicist, developing better measurement equipment.
- jegp 7d agoYou make some great points that I largely agree with. I'm wondering whether I'm misrepresenting you though, because I'm not arriving at the same "everything looks like a nail" conclusion. One thing I'd like to surface is the distinction you're making between software and physics. You point out that social and medical sciences are only now becoming approachable with scientific methodology. We can now, to a higher degree than before at least, model and predict what'll happen in social and medical scenarios. Isn't that an excellent example of how subject matters can be virtualized? I can't find good arguments for why this would stop there; why wouldn't our scientific models improve to such a degree that we can predict and "interfacte" with more and more of reality. Put plainly: why can't experiments be done in code one day? Particularly if we imagine having better robotics. Do you see my point about closing the gap between the theorizing and experimenting? Or are they fundamentally different things? The "reasonably skilled person" seems like an excellent heuristic > 2 years ago that's rapidly being replaced by automated thinking machines.
- analog31 6d agoIt's certainly possible to automate experiments. In fact my job is developing equipment for this purpose, and all of my own experiments are controlled by code. Most measurement instruments have run on code for decades. You don't manually turn the knob on a Wheatstone bridge to measure a voltage any more. A yellow handheld device with a LCD measures it with greater accuracy, or a probe that plugs into a computer. The code living in an experiment like the Large Hadron Collider is extreme. The distinction between theory and experiment is somewhat arbitrary. Historically, scientists were better at one than the other, with a few rare people being known for both. To make an analogy, there's also no immovable boundary between hardware and software, since most hardware runs on code, but these tend to be different jobs and even departments. What tends to happen in science is that when a subject is virtualized, e.g., when it can be modeled by a satisfactory theory, scientists move on to new frontiers. Many of the most interesting areas of work are where both theory and experiment can challenge one another. I've had managers and even engineers ask me in all sincerity why we still need to make measurements when we can just model the data.