For the sort of architecture described in the blog post, you're persisting the program rather than a log, so you only need idempotency between any two checkpoin

For the sort of architecture described in the blog post, you're persisting the program rather than a log, so you only need idempotency between any two checkpoints. For a lot of apps that's easy to achieve if write the snapshot into the same transaction the user is using for application data, and if you create/propagate idempotency tokens to other services. You don't need specialized timing or virtualization techniques.