4 ms·

> You generally can’t apply functions to dimensional units. The only thing units can do is be multiplied or divided together. So I can multiply a mass by a dist

by setopt 2mo ago

> You generally can’t apply functions to dimensional units. The only thing units can do is be multiplied or divided together. So I can multiply a mass by a distance or divide a distance by a speed, and I can multiply the result by a scalar; but I can’t take the sine of a distance or the logarithm of a time or exponentiate a mass. Those are things I can only do to scalars. I mostly agree with your explanation, but would like to emphasize that this is just a convention from mathematics which mostly carries over into physics and engineering. We like to define functions that are R -> R and similar, instead of defining special sets like R° = { r * 360° | r \in R }, corresponding to "real numbers with unit degrees", and then defining functions like sin: R° -> R. It’s just simpler to define and analyze most functions from R -> R and so we mostly do that. But if you look up physics papers, it’s not uncommon to define functions that require unitful inputs as well. For example, the wave function in the Schrödinger equation maps a position r (3D vector with unit meter) and time t (scalar with unit seconds), to a probability amplitude (complex number with unit m^-3/2), so that \int |ψ(r,t)|^2 d3r becomes a scalar (a probability). Up wave function is still considered a function by all physicists.

jameshart 2mo ago
The reason for preferring functions defined over domains like R is that it’s a field, and so I can do things like multiply and divide and add and subtract inside it. If instead we start defining ‘amounts of distance’ as some set D and ‘amounts of time’ as some set T, I have all sorts of extra work to do to make it so that products of amounts of distance are ‘amounts of area’ and amounts of distance over amounts of time are ‘amounts of speed’. ‘Dimension’ is the mathematical tool that lets us bundle all that up into something that we can deal with separately, alongside a real number. And of course you can totally make functions that are dimensional - but it affects what you can do with your functions, like composition and differentiation.

by setopt 2mo ago

jameshart 2mo ago

The reason for preferring functions defined over domains like R is that it’s a field, and so I can do things like multiply and divide and add and subtract inside it. If instead we start defining ‘amounts of distance’ as some set D and ‘amounts of time’ as some set T, I have all sorts of extra work to do to make it so that products of amounts of distance are ‘amounts of area’ and amounts of distance over amounts of time are ‘amounts of speed’. ‘Dimension’ is the mathematical tool that lets us bundle all that up into something that we can deal with separately, alongside a real number. And of course you can totally make functions that are dimensional - but it affects what you can do with your functions, like composition and differentiation.