CS-3 used 100 liters of water with a cold plate (https://www.brownstoneresearch.com/bleeding-edge/ai-infrastructure-investment-continues-to-increase/ https://ww

CS-3 used 100 liters of water with a cold plate (https://www.brownstoneresearch.com/bleeding-edge/ai-infrastructure-investment-continues-to-increase/ https://www.brownstoneresearch.com/bleeding-edge/ai-infrastr...). But you can also use refrigerants with a cold plate (https://eng.umd.edu/engineering-ai-public-good/cooling-data-centers-safer-two-phase-fluids https://eng.umd.edu/engineering-ai-public-good/cooling-data-...) or dielectric fluid in total immersion. Until they find a more power-efficient design, my guess is total immersion will come back in style.